{"tema_id":"90","string":"\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1","created":"2015-03-30 09:56:55","code":null,"modified":"2015-03-30 12:39:21","notes":[{"@type":"variants","@lang":"en","@value":"gr.\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\nLat.\u00a0cadmea,\u00a0calamina"},{"@type":"GENERAL DEFINITION","@lang":"en","@value":"Cadmia, calamine. Treated or untreated zinc oxide is a basic component of many collyria and, as in this and the following prescription, often comes at the top of the list of ingredients. In medical prescriptions preserved on papyrus it occurs exclusively in recipes for the eyes.\u00a0Calamine\u00a0is either a mixture of\u00a0zinc oxide\u00a0(ZnO) with about 0.5%\u00a0ferric oxide\u00a0(Fe2O3)\u00a0or a zinc carbonate compound.\u00a0It is the main ingredient in\u00a0calamine lotion\u00a0and is used as an\u00a0anti-pruritic\u00a0(anti-itching agent) to treat conditions such as\u00a0sunburn,\u00a0rashes,\u00a0poison ivy,\u00a0poison oak,\u00a0chickenpox, and\u00a0insect bites and stings.\nA pale pink powdered form of\u00a0zinc oxide\u00a0used in\u00a0skin\u00a0lotions."},{"@type":"A. LANGUAGE BETWEEN TEXT AND CONTEXT","@lang":"en","@value":"1-2. Etymology\u2013General Linguistic Section.\nZinc carbonate. From French\u00a0calamine,\u00a0from Medieval Latin\u00a0calamina, corrupted by alchemists from Latin\u00a0cadmia.\u00a0From Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u00a0(see\u00a0cadmium)."},{"@type":"B.  TESTIMONIA - A selection of representative sources","@lang":"en","@value":"Dioscorides, in his entry on the substance (Mat. med. V 74.2), refers explicitly to its ophthalmological application: \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f21 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u1f40\u03bd\u03c5\u03c7\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f21 \u039a\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u00b7(it is useful for the medicaments of the eyes. It is called botyritis, or onychitis. The rest is useful for the plasters, and for this is useful the Kypria). He also mentions its astringent power first of its properties: \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f40\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (III 38.11 W: it has an astringent power, and softening for inflammation, and especially for the eyes).\nOther ancient discussions of the mineral and the drug obtained from it include Gal. Simpl. IX 3.11 (XII 219.7\u201321.14 K); A\u00ebt. II 57 (CMG VIII.1, 173.3\u20138 Oliv.); Paul. Aeg. VII 3 (CMG IX.2, 219.4\u20139 Heib.); Plin. NH XXXIV 100\u20135."},{"@type":"C.  COMMENTARY","@lang":"en","@value":"Pharmaceutical-grade zinc oxide is a high-purity oxide manufactured by the indirect French process from high-purity zinc metal. It is used in the preparation of ointments, lotions, and cosmetics. Zinc carbonate is a mild astringent to the skin and, as an ingredient of calamine lotion, is used to alleviate skin irritations.\nCalamine lotion is a skin protectant. It works by soothing and protecting the skin.\u00a0It works by its counter-irritant effect. After application to the skin the calamine evaporates, which produces a cooling effect that helps distract you from the itch. This sensation also helps relieve sunburn. Metallic element; its salts are poisonous and little used in medicine but are frequently employed in the basic sciences."},{"@type":"D.  BIBLIOGRAPHY","@lang":"en","@value":"For miscellaneous additional information and further references, see Gazza 1956, 102; Pr\u00e9aux 1956, 140; Nielsen 1974, 32\u20134; Youtie 1975, 559; Youtie 1976, 124 with n. 14; Andorlini 1981, 65\u201370; Durling 1993, 187\u20138; Fournet 1994, 318; Andorlini 1995b, 19 & 23 (PSI Congr. XXI 3.II.5\u20138n. & III.7n.); Fournet\u2013Magdelaine 2001, 156 (GMP I 14.2n.); Clackson 2004, 77 (PHorak 14.2n.); Maravela\u2013Solbakk, GMP II 7.2n.; Mitthof, GMP II 8, with nn. 36 and 37, p. 131."},{"@type":"E.  CPGM reference(s)","@lang":"en","@value":"GMP I 14.2 (\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2); GMP II 4 II.9 (\u03ba]\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2), 16 (\u03ba]\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2); GMP 5 II.16, III.15, V.4, VI.14, 24; GMP II 7.3."},{"@type":"E.  DDbDP reference(s)","@lang":"en","@value":"P.Horak 14.2\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2(*)\u00a0(\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03b1\u1f76)\u00a0\u03ba;\u00a0P.Ross.Georg. V 57.V.2\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2;\u00a0SB XIV 11964.1\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2(*)\u00a0(\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03b1\u1f76)\u00a0\u03ba\u03b4; 2.21\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2(*)\u00a0(\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03b1\u1f76)\u00a0\u03b9\u03db; SB XXVI 16455.5\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b3\u03ba[\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u00a0\u00a0\u0323\n"},{"@type":"AUTHOR","@lang":"en","@value":"Isabella Andorlini"}]}