{"tema_id":"192","string":"\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd","created":"2017-02-23 12:09:52","code":null,"notes":[{"@type":"GENERAL DEFINITION","@lang":"en","@value":"Pad or compress made of tissue (linen, wool, leather, paper) used to cover up, bind, bandage portions of wounded skin. A very incisive definition was given by Photius (Bibl. 513, 12): \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd: \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f40\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f40\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u2018spl\u0113nion: not the medicine, but the linen bandages; and spl\u0113na, the pledget itself of linen\u2019)."},{"@type":"A. LANGUAGE BETWEEN TEXT AND CONTEXT","@lang":"en","@value":"1. Etymology and general linguistic commentary\n\u00a0\nThe term is a diminutive form of the anatomic noun \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd[1], \u2018spleen\u2019, that can indicate, in addition to the milt, also the compress of linen[2].\nAccording to Chantraine (DELG 1039a, s.v.), \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd would refer to some medical plants with specific properties in the healing of spleen, as the \u1f04\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, \u2018miltwaste\u2019 (Asplenium trichomanes and Asplenium Ceterach)[3].\nThe connection between the use of the compress of linen and the organ is quite unclear, however the spleen has always had a central role in divination[4] as well as in the conservation of the health of the entire body[5]. As a working hypothesis, it may be said that dressing or treating the spleen was like healing the whole body, and the compress of tissue, due to its therapeutic nature, took the name from what is the organ most important for the wellness of the organism.\n\u00a0\n2. Abbreviations in the papyri\nNo abbreviated forma had appeared as yet.\n\n\n[1] This noun is particularly interesting from a linguistic point of view, due to the probable common root between the European ancient and modern terms for indicate the spleen: see Chantraine\u00a0 1933: 166 e DELL\u00a0 357b-358a (\u201c[d]\u2019une langue indo-europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 l\u2019autre, les noms de la \u2018rate\u2019 offrent des ressemplances \u00e9videntes, sans pouvoir se ramener \u00e0 un original commun. Lat. li\u0113n\u00a0 (qui peut \u00eatre un ancien *lih\u0113n- ) rappelle de loin skr. pl\u012bh\u00e1\u00a0 (th\u00e8me pl\u012bh\u00e1n- ), de m\u00eame que irl. selg , bret. felc\u2019h\u00a0 rappellent av. sp\u0259r\u0259za\u00a0 (pers. supurz ). V. sl. sl\u011bzena\u00a0 (de *selzena ) est loin de lit. blu\u017enis . Le grec a \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u00a0 (emprunt\u00e9 par le latin, d\u2019o\u00f9 spl\u0113niacus , spl\u0113n\u012bticus , etc.) et l\u2019arm\u00e9nien p\u2019aycaln , tous deux tr\u00e8s aberrants, l\u2019un avec p , l\u2019autre avec ph . Des faits de ce genre s\u2019observent pourd\u2019autres noms, et, en particulier, pour d\u2019autres noms de parties du corps; v. lingua\u201d.\n\n\n[2] DELG 1039a, Beekes 1338, Boisacq 899, Frisk 769.\n\n\n[3] Commonly known respectively as maidenhair splenwort and rustyback, these officinal herbs have been known since the Middle Age and have been used as a diuretic, as a relief for the urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) and for some spleen diseases.\n\n\n[4] \u201cLa rate \u00e9tait un visc\u00e8re important, \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 cause de son utilisation dans les sacrifices et dans la mantique, et du r\u00f4le qu\u2019on attribuait dans certaines maladies\u201d DELG 1039b.\n\n\n[5] \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03c9 means \u2018to be splenetic, hypochondriacal\u2019and it is well known the meaning of \u2018spleen\u2019 as \u2018melancholy\u2019 and \u2018hypochondiracal affection\u2019.\n\n"},{"@type":"B.  TESTIMONIA - A selection of representative sources","@lang":"en","@value":"1. Hp.\u00a0Fract. 25 [3.496.11-15 L.]\u00a0(V-IV cent. BCE)\n\u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f56 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f33 \u1f40\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f30\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f50\u03b8\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f40\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u1ff6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c8\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03bd\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f22 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u1fe5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\nIl y a d\u2019autres m\u00e9decins qui traitent, il est vrai, ces accidentes imm\u00e9diatement par l\u2019appareil \u00e0 bandes; mais ils en placent les tours en-de\u00e7\u00e0 et au-del\u00e0 de la plaie; quant \u00e0 la plaie elle-m\u00eame, ils ne la comprennent pas sous la bande, et ils la laissent \u00e0 d\u00e9couvert; puis ils mettent sur la plaie quelque mondificatif, et la traitent avec des compresses imbib\u00e9es de vin ou avec de la laine en suint [3.497.13-19 L.]\n\u00a0\n2. Hp.\u00a0\u00a0Fract. 27 [3.510.3-14 L.]\n\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f40\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f40\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9, \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03be\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u1f22 \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03c9\u0345 \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd. \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u1fc7\u00a0\u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f24 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c3\u1f70\u03c1\u03be, \u1f24\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u1fc7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c7\u03c1\u1f74 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f30\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b8\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1. \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 [\u2026] \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c7\u03c1\u1f74; \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u1f70\u03c1\u03be, \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u0345 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u00ad\u1f27\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u0345 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u1fb6\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u1ff6\u0345 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f30\u03c3\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u1f22 \u03b5\u1f34 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f40\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2.\nLa premi\u00e8re sera bien propre et nullement \u00e9troite. Le nombre des bandes doit \u00eatre \u00e9gal, ou peu s\u2019en faut, \u00e0 celui qu\u2019on emploierait si on mettait les attelles. Sur l\u2019ulc\u00e9ration m\u00eame il suffit d\u2019appliquer une compresse enduite de c\u00e9rat blanc, car ce qui est devenu noir, chair ou tendon, doit tomber\u00a0; et ces sortes de plaies veulent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es, non par des substances \u00e2cres, mais, comme les br\u00fblures, par des substances adoucissantes. On renouvellera le pansement tous les trois jours, et non ne posera point d\u2019attelles. [\u2026] Il faut savoir que, soit chair soit tendon qui doivent se d\u00e9tacher, la destruction s\u2019\u00e9tendra beaucoup moins, la s\u00e9paration des parties mortifi\u00e9es sera beaucoup plus prompte et le gonflement des lieux environnants sera beaucoup moindre que si on avait d\u00e9fait les bandes et mis sur la plaie quelque m\u00e9dicament mondificatif [509.14-18 \u2013 511.1-11 L.]\n\u00a0\n3. Hp.\u00a0Morb.\u00a02.18 [7.32.8-11 L.]\u00a0\n\u1f10\u03c0\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f37\u03bc\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe4\u1fe5\u03c5\u1fc7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd, \u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u1fc3 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u1ff3\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f15\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b5\u1f34\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03b5\u1f76\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03bb\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f11\u03c0\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd, \u1f22\u03bd \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f40\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7 \u1f14\u03c7\u1fc3\u00b7 \u1f22\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03c7\u1fc3, \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\nLe sang ayant cess\u00e9 de couler, on rapproche l\u2019incision, et on l\u2019entoure tout enti\u00e8re avec un fil double; puis on applique sur la plaie une compresse enduite d\u2019un m\u00e9lange de cire et de poix; on pose pardessus de la laine grasse, et on met un bandage qu\u2019on n\u2019\u00f4te qu\u2019au bout de sept jours, \u00e0 moins qu\u2019il y ait douleur; en ce cas, on l\u2019enl\u00e8ve, [7.33.9-15 L.]\n\u00a0\n4. Hp. Off. 12 [3.310.10 \u2013 312.1-5 L.]\n\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72, \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03b1, \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u00b7 \u03bc\u1fc6\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f45\u03c3\u03b7 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f22 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u1fc6\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f37\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bc\u1fc6\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u0345 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bc\u1f74 \u1f00\u03b8\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.\nDans les fractures, on emploie des compresses dont les longueurs, les largeurs, les \u00e9paisseurs et le nombre sont \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer. Longueur, autant que s\u2019\u00e9tendront les bandes; largeur, trois ou quatre doigts; \u00e9paisseur, pli\u00e9es en trois ou en quatre; nombre, suffisant pour embrasser le membre, sans le d\u00e9passer ni rester en de\u00e7\u00e0. Celles qui servent \u00e0 \u00e9galiser le membre doivent \u00eatre, pour la longueur, telles qu\u2019elles en fassent le tour; la largeur et l\u2019\u00e9paisseur en seront d\u00e9termin\u00e9es d\u2019apr\u00e8s les vides, que l\u2019on aura la pr\u00e9caution de ne pas remplir d\u2019une seule fois [3.311.23-25 \u2013 313.1-1 L.]\n\u00a0\n5. Ps.-Sor. Quaest. med. 330L = 256 C (I cent. CE)\nQuot diuersitates sunt in faciendis emplastris? Duae; aut enim de specie aut de forma sunt. De specie quidem, quoniam sunt quaedam de lino, quaedam de lana, alia de pellibus, quaedam etiam de chartis. De forma autem, quia fiunt triangula et quadrata, quaedam etiam rotunda, alia lunaria, quaedam in acuta deficientia.\nWhich are the differences between emplastris? (There are) two: either about the material or the shape. About the material, (they are vary) because some of they are made of linen, wool, leather, and some also of paper. About the shape, (they are different) because some can be triangular and square, some round, some others with a half-moon shape, some with an acute angle.\n\u00a0\n6. Gal.\u00a0De comp. med. sec. loc.\u00a0410 [12.661.8-9 K.] (II-III cent. CE)\u00a0= A\u00ebt. 6.88.7 [CMG 8.2, 232.5-6 Olivieri]\n[\u1f08\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f14\u03be\u03c9\u03b8\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f64\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7] [\u2026] \u1f22 \u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c3\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03b3\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u00a0\nRemedy of Archigenes for a disease of external acoustic meatus of the ear. [\u2026] Put brimstone not burnt, myrrh and frankincense, with moist resin on a compress.\n\u00a0\n7. Gal.\u00a0De comp. med. sec. loc.\u00a0460 [12.815.3-4 K.]\n[\u03c4\u1f70 \u1f51\u03c0\u2019\u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1] \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f44\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u1f22 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f22 \u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\nMedicines written by Apollonio for recent bruise and livid. [\u2026] Put a compress soaked with honey and vinegar, or some wool or a sponge.\n\u00a0\n8. Gal. De comp. med. sec. loc. 469 [12.840.17-18 \u2013 841.1-2 K.] \n\u00a0\u1fe5\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u1f7c\u03bd \u1f40\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u1f30\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u1f78\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u1fc3 \u03c7\u03c1\u1ff6 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c2\u2000\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u2019 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f21\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u1ff7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u1ff3\nIf the wound (scil. of the impetigo, a bacterial infection of the skin) becomes infected, it is necessary to put a compress with a green medicament, adding some medicament\u00a0 which takes off the skin. If there are not purulent discharges or scabs, put a white compress and continue with this therapy until the complete scaring, changing the medicament every day and using a new compress.\n\u00a0\n\u00a09. P.Gen. 111, rr. 18-22 \u00a0(II-III CE)\n\u03a0\u03cc\u03f2\u03b1[\u03b9] \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd; | [\u03a4]\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad|[\u03c1]\u03bf\u03c5\u03f2\u03b9 \u03b2\u2019\u00b7 \u1f22 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f55\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd, | [\u1f22 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0]\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c7\u1fc6\u03bc\u03b1. | \u00a0 ] \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f55\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\nHow many types of compress (exist)? There are two types of compresses: some differs by material, some by shape. [ ] the material\u2026\nQuanti tipi di compresse (spl\u00eania, garze) esistono? Ci sono due tipi di compresse. Una differenza riguarda il materiale di cui sono fatte, l\u2019altra la forma (Andorlini\/Marcone 2004: 112)\n\u00a0\n10. Orib.\u00a0Coll. med.\u00a044.7.19 [CMG 6.2.1, 122.11-14]\u00a0(IV-V cent. CE)\n\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f45\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9. \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u1f14\u03be\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\nOn recouvrira tout \u00e0 l\u2019entour les parties voisines de tentes, et on mettra sur tout le c\u00f4t\u00e9 malade lui-m\u00eame un linge \u00e0 empl\u00e2tre enduit de cire. Si le fond de l\u2019abc\u00e8s est le si\u00e8ge d\u2019une fluxion, on placera, \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, sur ce linge, un cataplasme dou\u00e9 de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s astringentes (Daremberg 1851-1876: 581-582)\n\u00a0\n11.\u00a0Orib.\u00a0Coll. med.\u00a046.8.1\u00a0 [CMG 6.2.1, 207.23-25 Raeder]\n\u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03be\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u00a0\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u00a0\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2\nSi donc il existe une plaie petite et superficielle, on mettra par-dessus, apr\u00e8s avoir ras\u00e9 les cheveux, un empl\u00e2tre capable de pr\u00e9venir l\u2019inflammation et d\u2019agglutiner (Daremberg 1851-1876: IV 149)\u00a0\n\u00a0\n12. Orib.\u00a0Coll. med.\u00a048.34.1 [CMG 6.2.1, 280.6-10 Raeder]\n\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, mpressa coperta di cera.compressa lino, e porre sopra tutta la parte della pleura una compressa coperta di cera.\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd, \u1f45\u03bb\u1fc3 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1fe5\u03b9\u03bd\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00a0\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f11\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f40\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\nQuand la partie osseuse du nez est bris\u00e9e et d\u00e9vi\u00e9e, j\u2019ai l\u2019habitude, apr\u00e8s avoir fait la coaptation de la fracture, de retenir les fragments en place \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un bandage, soit qu\u2019on ait appliqu\u00e9 sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue du nez un empl\u00e2tre compos\u00e9 de m\u00e9dicaments tels qu\u2019on les applique sur les fractures, on qu\u2019on ait cru devoir employer quelque autre topique; mais j\u2019ai soin, dans les deux cas, de combler avec de petites compresses les d\u00e9pressions qui se trouvent des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la partie osseuse du nez (Daremberg 1851-1876: IV 299-300)"},{"@type":"C.  COMMENTARY","@lang":"en","@value":"\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd and its medical sources\nThe compresses were used for a very wide range of medical intervention, basically for covering injuries, contusions, fractures, surgical wounds; sometimes the \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 were placed on the skin directly, more often they were applied with different medicaments or ointments.\nIn fact, an \u1f14\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd could be put directly on the skin, with a \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd over it, as explains Oribasius (or Heliodorus?):\n\u1f04\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u1fbf \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ba\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u1f22 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1fbf \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f40\u03be\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f21\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u1fc7 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u1ff7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u1f22\u2000\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f40\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f40\u03be\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (Coll. Med. 45.18.31 [CMG 6.2.1, 175.34-39 Raeder])\n[apr\u00e8s avoir extrait des varices, nous employons le traitement usit\u00e9 pour les plaies saignante:] nous pla\u00e7ons un linge enduit d\u2019un m\u00e9dicament emplastique du nombre de ceux qu\u2019on appelle m\u00e9dicaments pour les plaies saignantes, et par-dessus cet empl\u00e2tre une \u00e9ponge tremp\u00e9e dans le vinaigre et l\u2019eau, puis nous comprimons doucement avec une bande\u00a0; \u00e0 l\u2019empl\u00e2tre que recouvrent les \u00e9ponges nous pouvons substituer un linge tremp\u00e9 dans le vinaigre et l\u2019eau (Daremberg\u00a01851-1876: IV 42).\n\u00a0\nIn latin, sometimes the term \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd is translated with emplastron[1], even if a better lexical choice should be pannus[2] or linamentum[3].\n\u00a0\nIn several cases, in the Corpus Hippocraticum it is recommended not to cover the wound with a linen bandages (\u1f40\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1), because they are not breathable and can get the healing process slower, but with \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 soaked with wine [1], or vinegar and water. Indeed, if a bandage is way too constrictive, it can cause an edema, for which a compress with white wax is useful [2]. In other circumstances, for example following a surgery, a compress with wax and a sort of bitumen is placed to stop the bleeding and sooth the pain [3][10].\nIn addition to surgical interventions, the compresses are used also for fixing fractures of bones and damages of cartilages, due to the property of a type of medicament with \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2 [12]; in the Corpus Hippocraticum we can find very specific indications about lenght, width and thickness of compress [4].\nIn minor cases, it is used to reduce the inflammation by virtue of a ointment with \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1fc6 [11][8] and make recent bruises and livids smaller [7]; sometimes, the ointment can be quite complex, mixing different raw materials, as for specific diseases [6].\n\u00a0\n\u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd word and object\nQuite as modern compresses and pads, \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 could be very different in length, width and thickness, and also made of different materials [4]. A very unique text that conveys information about \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 is a papyrus, P.Gen. 111 [9], dated to II-III century CE, written in the form of catechism (\u1f10\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2), or question-and-answer format. In the papyrus scrap, it is said that two types of compress exist, and they are distinguished by shape and material; due to the fragmentary state of preservation of the text, nothing more than this can be enunciated. The papyrus can be parallel with a question from the Pseudo-Soranian Quaestiones medicinales [5], and it has been supposed that the papyrus was the source from which the text of Quaest. med. was inspired, or that a common source has existed\u2013 maybe a more complete treatise of medicine \u2013 to which both have referred[4], but the correlation between the two texts is all but clear[5].\nIn medical literature, sometimes we can find indications about the size of the compresses, depending on use[6], and a reference to the colour of the ointment in it, that indicated its specific property [7], being from time to time purgative, suppurative, soothing, softening, and so on.\n\n\n[1] \u201cemplastron, sive emplasticum, \u1f10\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, pharmacum est, quod meatus obducit, ut picatio, quae imponitur pilis in totutm abrasis [\u2026]. Atque hoc pharmacorum emplasticorum genus, substantia terrestre est: citra refrigerationem, aut caliditatem manifestam, aut in primo ordine refrigerantium, vel calefacientium [\u2026]. Duplex est emplasticorum natura; altera exquisite terrea et sicca; altera tenax omnino: mista vero ex aqua et terra et plerumque etiam a\u00ebre, ut oleum dulce salis expers. Ovi quoque album ex iisdem quodammodo mistum est, magis tamen terreum est, quam oleum. Quin etiam caseosa lactis pars emplastica est, tenerque ac recens caseus et suilla pinguendo, et caeteri quoque adipes, qui nondum acrimoniam contraxerunt, eoque magis quo sicciores magisque terrei fuerint\u201d (Castelli 1665: 180-181 s.v.).\n\n\n[2] See e.g. Cels. 8.10.1e [CML 1, 390.10-12 Marx]: Tum id involvendum duplicibus triplicibusve pannis et in vino et oleo tinctis, quos linteos esse commodius est.\n\n\n[3]\u00a0 See e.g. Cels. 7.9.5 [CML 1, 326.9-11 Marx]: In ulteriores vero lunatasque plagas linamentum dandum est, ut caro increscens vulnus impleat.\n\n\n[4] Sigerist 1920: 7-9.\n\n\n[5] See Marganne (1998: 92-93): \u201c[a] notre avis, ce parall\u00e8le n\u2019est pas enti\u00e8rement probant. D\u2019une part, le terme emplastrum traduit mal le grec \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd. Pour rendre l\u2019id\u00e9e de compresse, les Latins disposaient, par exemple, du substantif linamentum. D\u2019autre part, l\u2019\u00e9tat lacunaire du papyrus limite de toute fa\u00e7on la comparaison aux deux premi\u00e8res lignes de ps.-Soranus, qui sont loin d\u2019\u00eatre significatives\u201d.\n\n\n[6] It could be \u2018big\u2019 (cf. e.g. Gal. De comp. Med. Sec. loc. 787 [13.815.11-12 K.], \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2; A\u00ebt. 15.14,238 [62, 9-10 Zervos] \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72\u2000\u1f00\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2), or \u2018small\u2019 (A\u00ebt. 15.18.14 [106, 3-4 Zervos], \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9, \u1f04\u03bd\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03bd), folded several times (Gal. In Hipp. Off. Med. comment. 18b.822.9-12 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03ce\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u1f7a \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2), or with a exact size (Alex. Trall. Therap. 2.297.17 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd).\n\n"},{"@type":"D.  BIBLIOGRAPHY","@lang":"en","@value":"P.Gen. inv. 111\nEditions: NICOLE 1903: 1-3; MARGANNE 1998: 85-95;\nStudies: CR\u00d6NERT 1903: 377, n. 136; KIND 1912: 192; SIGERIST 1920; KOLLESCH 1973: 39; MARGANNE 1986; ANDORLINI 1993: 513, 98; IERACI-BIO 1995: 201-202; GHIRETTI 2010: 184-186.\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\nGeneral Bibliography\n\u00a0\nAndorlini, I. (1993a), L\u2019apporto dei papiri alla conoscenza della scienza medica antica, A.N.R.W. II 37.1 Berlin-New York, 458-562.\nAndorlini, I. \/ Marcone, A. (2004), Medicina, medico e societ\u00e0 nel mondo antico, Firenze.\nBeekes, R., EDG, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, I-II, Leiden-Boston, 2010.\nBoisacq, \u00c9., DELG, Dictionnaire \u00e9tymologique de la langue grecque, \u00e9tudi\u00e9e dans ses rapports avec les autres langues indo-europ\u00e9ennes, Heidelberg-Paris, 19161.\nCastelli, B. (1665), Lexicon Medicum Gr\u00e6co-Latinum, a Batholom\u00e6o Castello Messanense inchoatum. Nunc vero in commodum publicum Opera et Studio Adriani Ravesteini, Art. Med. Doct., ex Hippocr. Galen. Avicenn. atque aliorum Celeberrimorum Medicorum Monumentis, Roterodami, 1665.\nChantraine, P. (1933), La formation des noms en grec ancien, Paris.\nChantraine, P., DELG, Dictionnaire \u00e9tymologique de la langue grecque, I-II, Paris, 1968- 1980.\nCr\u00f6nert, W. (1903), Sprachliches zu griechische \u00c4rzten, eine Untersuchung u\u0308ber den Verfasser des griechischen Papyrus Lond. Nr. 155, \u00abArchiv fu\u0308r Papyrusforschung\u00bb, 2, 375-376 e 476-482.\nDaremberg, C. (1851-1876), OEuvres d\u2019Oribase. Texte grec en grande partie in\u00e9dit collationn\u00e9 sur les manuscrits, traduit pour la premi\u00e8re fois en fran\u00e7ais par les Drs Bussemaker et Daremberg, Paris.\nErnout, A. \u2013 Meillet, A., DELL, Dictionnaire \u00e9tymologique de la langue latine. Histoire des mots, Paris, 19594 (19321).\nFrisk, H., GEW, Griechisches etymologisches W\u00f6rterbuch, I-III, Heidelberg, 1954-1979.\nGhiretti, G. (2010), Luoghi e strumenti della professione medica antica. La testimonianza dei papiri greci d\u2019Egitto, \u00abPapyrotheke\u00bb 1 [http:\/\/dspace-unipr.cineca.it\/handle\/1889\/14].\nIeraci Bio, A.M. (1995), L\u2019\u1f10\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 nella letteratura medica, in Esegesi, parafrasi e compilazione in et\u00e0 tardoantica (Atti del Terzo Convegno dell\u2019Associazione di Studi Tardoantichi), ed. C. Moreschini, Napoli, 187-207.\nKind, F.E. (1912), sine titulo, \u00abJAW\u00bb 158, 168-171 e 192.\nKollesch, J. (1973), Untersuchungen zu den pseudogalenischen Definitiones medicae, Berlin.\nMarganne, M.-H. (1986), La Cirurgia Eliodori et le P. Gen\u00e8ve inv. 111, \u00ab\u00c9tudes de Lettres\u00bb, Lausanne, 65-73.\nMarganne, M.-H. (1998), La chirurgie dans l'\u00c9gypte gr\u00e9co-romaine d'apr\u00e8s les papyrus litt\u00e9raires grecs, Leiden-Boston-K\u00f6ln.\nNicole, J. (1903), Un questionnaire de chirurgie, \u00abArchiv fu\u0308r Papyrusforschung\u00bb 2, 1-3.\nSigerist, H.E. (1920), Die \u2018Cirurgia Eliodori\u2019, \u00abArchiv fu\u0308r Geschichte Medizin\u00bb 11, 1-9."},{"@type":"E.  CPGM reference(s)","@lang":"en","@value":"P.Gen. 111"},{"@type":"AUTHOR","@lang":"en","@value":"Francesca Bertonazzi"}]}